26 Dental Vocabulary Words in Mandarin Chinese

Relational Concepts From Nursing Class 260 - 2951 Words

Introduction Relational practice in nursing is critical for developing strong interpersonal relationships that are therapeutic and essential for patient health and well-being. This paper discusses advanced care plans and relevant concepts from Nursing class 260 that contribute to relational practice, which include: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, health promotion, ethics, collaboration, lifespan, power, culture, communication and interdisciplinary supports. This paper is constructed from a discussion with an individual about their values and beliefs that would influence an advanced care plan, and how the relational concepts can be applied to the conversation and past clinical experiences. Advanced Directive An Advanced directive â€Å"is a†¦show more content†¦This paragraph will summarize the points of the conversation that were discussed, which will guide the rest of the paper. Participant A saw illness as losing independence, losing ones positive outlook on life, and a chronic state that one can not come out of without assistance. Participant A discussed her Christian faith, family, and her success as aspects that gave life meaning. Participant A stated that she would rather die with her dignity and independence than live without them. To her, she would refuse medical treatments if her dignity and independence were not intact. However, participant A believes that since she is a middle aged woman with several years ahead of her she would request medical interventions to save her life if she could live without disability afterwards. Specifically, participant A said she would never want to be a burden to anybody. At times in the hospital participant A has sa id she has felt powerless based on the attitudes of nurses, and at other times she has felt empowered from making decisions for her health (Anonymous, personal communication, November 11, 2014). This summary will be elaborated on throughout this paper. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow created a ‘needs theory’ where â€Å"human needs are ranked on an ascending scale according to how essential the needs are for survival† (Kozier Erb, 2014, p. 237). â€Å"Once a lower need is fulfilled, a next

Walker Bay Around the Cape Overberg Region

Question: Write an essay on Walker Bay. Answer: Walker Bay is around the Cape Overberg Region, almost an hour's drive from Cape Town. Once known as a sluggish shoreline retreat with a little populace (a notoriety to which despite everything it holds, to an expansive degree), this range is currently picking up prominence amongst neighborhood guests and worldwide travelers for various reasons. This area is one of the biggest wine routes and has a lot of attractiveness for tourists but there can be some things done in order to attract more business. Thus this study focuses on the same issue of SWOT, various recommendations. It even defines the way the wine development can take place and can enhance a lot of things in the tourism of the same. Introduction Walker Bay, a 45 minute drive from Cape Town, has turned into an in vogue district to visit, especially with the foundation of over twelve wineries in and around Hermanus, officially mainstream for its whale spotting amongst June and November. The valley, which extends about 6km from Hermanus to Caledon, is encompassed and shielded by mountains on all sides - Galpin Peak and the Glen Varloch extent toward the south and the Babylonstoring mountain reach toward the north - which trap overcast cover and hold dampness all through the valley. The Bouchard Finlayson home, Whalehaven Wines, Hamilton Russel Vineyards, Cape Bay and Sumaridge are interested in people in general for wine samplings.Walker Bay is around the Cape Overberg Region, almost an hour's drive from Cape Town. Once known as a sluggish shoreline retreat with a little populace (a notoriety to which despite everything it holds, to an expansive degree), this range is currently picking up prominence amongst neighborhood guests and worldwide travelers for various reasons. A standout amongst the most noteworthy of these is the genuinely late foundation of various wine ranches. Walker Bay is situated between Cape Agulhas and False Bay and is home to the surely understood occasion hotspot of Hermanus. The Hemel-en-Aarde (Heaven and Earth) Valley is a standout amongst the most gainful areas regarding the generation of wines. It has the perfect atmosphere, as the frosty wind from the Atlantic Ocean chills it off. Likewise, the mountains, which encompass the valley, lock in mists and the resultant dampness, so that the vines get a lot of water. The Onrust River is another part of this present valley's topography, and is a vital piece of its watering system. This is the portion of the best known wine ranches in the Walker Bay (Telfer, 2000). These, and additionally a significant number of their counterparts, are open for open visits and tastings. The most mainstream wines created in Walker Bay are as of now Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, yet the assortment is for all intents and purposes boundless. (Bruwer, 2002b) Findings Summary of the current state of the wine tourism industry in Walker BayWalker Bay is around the Cape Overberg Region, almost an hour's drive from Cape Town. (Charters Ali-Knight, 2002). Once known as a sluggish shoreline retreat with a little populace (a notoriety to which despite everything it holds, to an expansive degree), this range is currently picking up prominence amongst neighborhood guests and worldwide travelers for various reasons. A standout amongst the most noteworthy of these is the genuinely late foundation of various wine ranches. (Weiler, Hall,1992). Walker Bay is situated between Cape Agulhas and False Bay. (Bruwer, 2002a) SWOT analysis for wine tourism of Walker Bay Strengths and Opportunities: To let you know the kind of culture and opportunities in Walker Bay- Strengths and Opportunities have been combined. (Bruwer, 2002b).Hermanus around Walker Bay is honored with an exceptional wine valley called Hemel-en-Aarde and thusly Wine Tours of Hermanus are an absolute necessity do action. Set in dazzling Mountain View, with more than 15 wine homes, 10 tasting rooms, 5 great lunch-time eateries and more than 70 honoring winning wines, you are spoilt for decision. Source: Percy Tours, 2016- https://www.walkerbayadventures.co.za/images/winetasting/wine-vineyard-hermanus.jpgPercy Tours, 2016, https://www.walkerbayadventures.co.za/images/winetasting/wine-tasting-hermanus.jpgWine Tours are led by a licensed Cape Wine Academy Tour Guide which is an extravagance air-con minibus, who will educate you with heaps of significant data on the historical backdrop of wine, vine and grape development, basement forms, barrels, stops, fares and loads more... while you taste your wines.Visits begi n with a picturesque drive up Rotary Way to give you a flying creatures eye perspective of the wine valley and Hermanus, to orientate you and to clarify what our wine area is about. Incorporated into every Wine Tour are there is an expansive cooler-box of free sodas, box of wafers to purge your palates between every wine tasted and the John Platter wine book to see what the specialists need to say in regards to every wine. And all your wine sampling expenses (charged by the wineries) are paid for by the visit organization.(Strength of this place is majorly the kind and the number of wine tours available here. And due to the present environment and people friendly guides there, Walker bay is essentially a paradise for the tourists) Weaknesses and Threats n spite of the development of wine tourism and its commitment to neighborhood advancement, it is still obscure whether these areas see any advantage from the goad of wineries in their groups. Since the information is basic to streamline the advantages of wine tourism, but people can't even ignore the kind of weaknesses these areas have and the threats they can be hit with.Due to the recent trends and climatic conditions, the Walker Bay wine estates and other routes have been hit due to non- availability of the materials. Moreover this being a weakness- the threat is the new regions upcoming attracting thousands of wine lovers across the globe. (Tzimitra et.al, 1999)Main Stakeholders and their part in the wine tourismThe main Stakeholders are the wineries owners and the society at large of these areas at around. Here is the explanation:1. Government: With the development of wine tourism and development- government is the direct stakeholder which gets the benefits and as well as some d isadvantages if there is some illegal activities. This part can involve a lot of tourists coming in and helping the economy of the place growing. Moreover it will help to flourish the word about the excellent wineyards here.2. Local Community:The local community will have an upper hand in being the direct people involved. Thus with the development- they have quite a boost in their earning as well as they can flourish more.Also the kind of reasons why they have such an important role is because of the following reasons first: 1. Legitimate Experience The "experiential economy" is a standout amongst the most imperative patterns in travel, and it is especially applicable to wine tourism. The wine experience is driven by wine, as well as the general population and group behind the wine. Guests need to be submerged in the way of life of wine-production, agribusiness and get to be possibly just for a day however ideally for any longer a part of the winery's group. Effective wine destinations are made by giving valid encounters. Each of the wine areas spoke to at the meeting had their own exceptional personality, formed by their history, area, atmosphere and individuals. (Spawton, 1986). 2. Balanced Connections in the Digital Age The web and online networking has changed the diversion, empowering wineries, little inns and provincial groups to recount their story and interface with their guests coordinated. It has, from various perspectives made everything fair for new destinations, little wineries and boutique inns, who may have thought that it was hard to have a voice in the pre-advanced economy. The period of this tourism gaining more and more popularity- it is bringing back the estimation of uniqueness, customization and personalization, which is uplifting news for the developing wine division and for wine areas the nation over. Credible destinations, genuine encounters, customized correspondence- It is an extraordinary time for wine tourism, and an incredible time for winery designers.Because of the kind of connect and a unique experience of these wineries- the kinds of stakeholders we have are as follows with their parts:1. Wineries Owners: The owners of these wineries are the main stakeholders who have actually maintained the aesthetic value of these places and have been doing so good in terms of maintain the persona and the historic value of these places. Moreover they are the main stakeholders because without them there will be very less of tourism in this part of the Wine Routes and also considering the past- they have given all their hard work and toil in this. (SAWIS, 2000).They play a very important part in terms of the maintenance of these places and even contributing so much to Wine Tourism Development.2. Society at large- The society in and around is very much involved in this process. Their cooperation to develop such a kind of tourism in and around Walker Bay is quite a lot of challenge in terms of just the focus on wine. The society having a large share in environment plays an important role in attracting tourist.Clustering/collaborative arrangement in place with other wineries and/or the tourism industryThere are no as such clusters but they can surely get in touch wi th several methods like the ones mentioned in the recommendation. Moreover the arrangement with the industry will give a boost.Wineries are seeing positive impacts from discussing natural manageability with guests regarding building brand value and making paramount guest encounters. These beneficial outcomes may energize other wineries to receive proactive ecological administration, particularly those that do not have an earth conferred administration. Additionally, utilizing wine tourism to teach guests on the significance of ecological supportability can manufacture interest for economically delivered wines. The advantages of wine tourism identified with natural supportability saw by respondents in this study incorporate the production of brand faithful shoppers and brand ministers, which can bring about expanded direct-to-customer deals and expanded appearance levels. For sustainability and competitiveness In totality, urging the neighbors to visit their nearby wineries and expanding their consciousness of the advantages- these wineries render to encompassing groups to encourage more noteworthy dynamic group support for wine tourism improvement after some time. By proceeding with these endeavors, wineries can grow commonly advantageous connections that backing the maintainability of wine tourism in the locale. In the quest for this exertion, it is additionally imperative to recognize the inspirations driving occupants to visit their nearby wineries. They can even try and attract the dwellers which beautiful shows related to wine tasting which will help the wine development to happen. Truth be told, wine tourism has delighted in a quick development in prominence as of late everywhere throughout the world. This has brought about a few systems of urban areas and wine districts to show up going for advancing their possibilities. Conclusion To conclude, we can say that Walker Bay has a tremendous amount of potential in becoming a bigger wine route and being an even bigger tourist attraction if few recommendations are taken into consideration. The wine industry can do wonders if such bays are so rich in resources and many stakeholders to contribute in their growth. Recommendations 1. Wineries need to connect with their neighbors. Winery chiefs ought to urge their neighbors to visit their premises consistently as going by enhances their gratefulness for wine tourism. Winery supervisors can impart to guests distinctive approaches to fuse wine in their everyday lives (for instance, cooking with wine and considering wine in raising support exercises for neighborhood foundations and municipal associations). Given that the regular visitors were the most conscious of the respondents about the advantages wineries produce, we propose administrators consider expanding the appearance of Sporadic guests, as they are as of now acquainted with their wineries. Wineries can program an assortment of wine and non-wine-related open occasions, (for example, fairs and celebrations) to target neighbors, particularly those concentrating on conventional and verifiable subjects, as respondents exceptionally esteemed social assets. 2. Wineries need to instruct their neighbors about the advantages wineries produce. Winery supervisors ought to consider putting more exertion into imparting to the general population, and particularly to the neighbors, about the scope of advantages wineries produce. Directors can do this through an assortment of channelsrunning from flyers and radio and daily paper advertisements to the various online networking outlets (counting Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, Instagram). Winery troughs ought to likewise think about having as an overhauled email list and other online networking records from their clients. To better achieve neighbors, we recommend that chiefs draft messages concentrating on the advantages neighbors as of now perceive, (for example, increment in vacationers' spending, assortment of social exercises, beautification of nearby scenes). 3. Wineries might even consider offering unique rates and rebates to their encompassing dwellers to expand interest and appearance. This will surely build inhabitants' backing for nearby wine tourism development and thus will increase footfall and a lot more.. (Bruwer, Gilliver, 2003). References Beverland, M., James, K., James, M., Porter, C., Stace, G. (1998). Wine tourism: Missed opportunities in west auckland. Australian New Zealand Wine Industry Journal, 13(4), 403407Bruwer, J. (2002a). The role and importance of the winerycellar-door in the Australian wine industry: Some perspectives. The Australian New Zealand Grapegrower and Winemaker, 463, 9699.Bruwer, J. (2002b). The wine and food festival event: A golden opportunityto learn more about wine consumers. Australian New Zealand Wine Industry Journal, MayJune. 17(3), 9299.Bruwer, J., Gilliver, G. (2003). Perspectives on wine industry structure: an east coast glimpse. Vineyard Winery Management, March/April, in press.Dodd, T. H. (1995). Opportunities and pitfalls in a developing wine industry. International Journal of Wine Marketing, 7(1), 516.South Australian Tourism Commission (2000). South Australian wine tourism market research study, conducted by Market Equity. Adelaide: AustraliaSpies, P. H. (2001). Strategic outline for the South African wine industry: A road map for future competitiveness. Winetech Vision 2020 Report, January, Paarl: South Africa.Telfer, D. J. (2000). Strategic Alliances Along the Niagara Wine Route. Tourism Management, 22, 2130. Tzimitra-Kalogianni, I., Papadaki-Klavdianou, A., Alexaki, A., Tsakiridou, E. (1999). Wine Routes in Northern Greece: Consumer perceptions. British Food Journal, 101(11), 884892.Weiler, B., Hall, C. M. (1992). Special interest tourism: in search of an alternative. In B. Weiler, C. M. Hall (Eds.), Special Interest Tourism (pp. 199204). Great Britain: Belhaven Press. Winetitles, (2002). The Australian and New Zealand wine industry directory (20th Annual ed.). Winetitles, Adelaide: Australia.South African Wine Industry Statistics (SAWIS, 2000). Statistics of wine-grape vines as on 30 November 2000. South African wine industry statistics, November, Paarl: South Africa. South Australian Tourism Commission (2000). South Australian wine tourism ma rket research study, conducted by Market Equity. Adelaide: Australia. Spawton, T. (1986). Understanding wine purchasing: Knowing how the wine buyer behaves can increase sales. Australian Wine Industry Journal, 1(3), 8991

Substance Abusing Offenders an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Substance Abusing Offenders by Expert Prof Akunga | 28 Dec 2016 Introduction Need essay sample on "Substance Abusing Offenders" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Drug abuse or substance abuse is an ever-present problem on the minds of Americans. Although the American government has done a lot in terms of programs to alleviate this persistent problem in society, still, this particular social illness remains. It is observed that those who use drugs are more prone to commit criminal offences than those who are not users (Anglin & Speckart, 1984, Cited in The Report of the National Task Force on Correctional Substance Abuse Strategies). What are some of the approaches being used by the American government to deal with this problem? What means are more effective and are indeed bearing fruit? Treatments There are many varied means being applied to treat substance-abusing offenders. Incarceration alone has been proven to be not enough in dealing with drug-using criminals. There is of course immediate and decisive meting out of discipline when offenders are put to jail and temporary prevention of further crimes are averted; but the fact of the matter is prison or jail terms end. Once drug-using offenders are released from prison, the likelihood is that they will again return or resume their criminal careers. The so-called revolving door of justice revolves from criminal act, arrest, conviction, incarceration or community supervision, release, and return to crime (Anglin & Speckart, 1984, Cited in The Report of the National Task Force on Correctional Substance Abuse Strategies). This has become the cycle. There has to be an effective program that would break this vicious cycle and help the offenders to overcome their addiction and thus prevent them from committing the same or more serious crimes. When this is effectively done, American society will be more safe and secure. Substance abuse interventions in corrections Usually, felons in correctional agencies are adults. These are people whose criminal backgrounds started way back into their early years inside their homes. They began using illegal drugs at early ages. These, usually, have no education, no acquired skills, no successful work experience, were not raised or familiar with stable home conditions; if anything, theyre raised in families that support and encourage criminal values, attitudes, and behavior, etc. With these kinds of people to deal with, the task is not rehabilitation but more of habilitation (Anglin basics of life necessary for them to function properly within a society without becoming a threat to the populace. Fortunately, most of our correctionals have a comprehensive program which includes holistic approach that is effective in treating drug-using offenders. The program includes: 1. Clear mission statement and criteria for appropriate participants, as well as assessment strategy. 2. Moral support and understanding of the agencys administrators and their staff. 3. Well-trained staff who constantly keep an update and has an on-going education with regards to their therapeutic work. 4. Maintain consistent intervention strategies which are provided through linkages with other correctionals as offenders move through the system. i.e. theyre being followed up. 5. Continuous evaluation (Anglin & Speckart, 1984, Cited in The Report of the National Task Force on Correctional Substance Abuse Strategies). Case Management Program One of the most important innovations of the past decades is the program called case management program (http://psychservices.psychiatryonline.org). It deals with mental health and community care. The program was so designed as to deal specifically with persons having substance use disorders. Because persons with this problem are suffering from the multifaceted and chronic nature of this disorder, case management is a program of treatment that is comprehensive and continuous in its approach. Its strategy is client-centered and aims to treat every inpidual differently according to the inpiduals unique needs. Since it is believed that persons with substance use disorders suffer from multiple needs, the care administered has to be continuous and coordinated. Although case management approach is modeled after mental treatment examples, it is nevertheless distinct in that is was developed separately and is aimed particularly on substance abuse. Hence, there is a strong distinction between them. Experts have shown that case management approach is effective in that it could reduce the wear and tear that usually is the result of drug addiction. It helps to improve both the psychosocial and drug and alcohol outcomes among persons with substance use disorders Reference: Anglin, D., & Speckart, A. (1984). Narcotics use and crime: A confirmatory analysis. Unpublished report. University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, cited in Intervening with substance-abusing offenders: a framework for action. National Institute if Corrections. The Report of the National Task Force on Correctional Substance Abuse Strategies http://psychservices.psychiatryonline.org Holloway F, Carson J: Case management: an update. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 47(3):2131, 2001. Cited in Case Management : American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. www.psych.org

The Manipulation of Data and Political Agenda an Example of the Topic History Essays by

The Manipulation of Data and Political Agenda by Expert TheOdyssey | 27 Dec 2016 The Manipulation of Data and Political Agenda: A Closer Look at Hitler and Nazism Social Constructivism as a theoretical framework, [and as conceived by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann] explains reality as a matter of human generation or construction. As an offshoot of this framework, what may be called as knowledge [both in its theoretical and practical sense] and the sociology of knowledge can also be conceived as a matter of human generation or construction. For the sake of clarity and precision, the aforementioned generation or construction is called social construction. Need essay sample on "The Manipulation of Data and Political Agenda" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Knowledge can be conceived of as a body of true propositions about reality. But if reality per se is a matter of human construction [via what social constructivists call as social construction], then we can also say that our knowledge about reality is a matter of human generation or construction. It is with this particular strand of thought that this paper seeks to explain why it is important to be vigilant about the information that we receive from various sources especially in the context of our time since now, more than ever, societies easily accept the paradigm of the marketplace of ideas. History provides us with robust examples in which what we may call as knowledge can be manipulated or fabricated. On a preliminary note, it is important to differentiate what may be called as knowledge on the one hand, and information, on the other. This task may be illustrated by a simple analogy. Just as a pile of wood, let alone themselves, cannot make [and do not constitute] a house, a file of information cannot and do not properly constitute what we call as knowledge. For the pile of wood to be a house [and for the pile of information to count as knowledge], they must undergo a process. As one may have noted at this point, prior to questioning whether or not something is to count as knowledge, in the strict sense of the term, one must be wary about its source. It is at this point that I raise a very important tactic which, for a very long time, has been used by many political figures and their accomplices to make the circumstances favorable for their various social and political agenda. This tactic is called data manipulation. In different periods in history, political writers and even intellectuals have been engaged in political propaganda to sway public opinion or to justify the status quos political moves, policies and even its legitimacy. Nicolo Machiavelli is regarded by many as the first political pragmatist. He offers a realistic account of politics and governance. As to how a prince [or ruler] should conduct himself towards his subjects and friends, Machiavelli wrote the following: It appears to me more appropriate to follow up the real truth of the matter than the imagination of it; for many have pictured republics and principalities which in fact have never been known or seen, because how one lives is so far distant from how one ought to live, that he who neglects what is done for what ought to be done sooner affects his ruin than his preservation (p. 111). In Machiavellis view, self-preservation or the preservation of power [as in the case of a prince or a ruler] takes priority over anything else. Indeed, one may say that what ought to be done may be overridden by self-preservation, the latter being, first and foremost, a basic drive. Applying this particular view to the case of the state, one may say that for the state to be able to fulfill its mandate, it must first ensure its preservation because only then can it enforce the law and exact obedience. In a very real sense, a prince must be amoral and must be able to discern what to do depending upon what the circumstances require. Hence it is necessary for a prince to hold his own to know how to do wrong, and to make use of it or not according to necessity (Machiavelli, p. 112). To further this point, Machiavelli wrote the following: For if everything is considered carefully, it will be found that something which looks like virtue, if followed, would be his ruin; whilst something else, which looks like vice, yet followed brings him security and prosperity (p. 113). For most of us, Machiavellis ideas present us with a very disturbing picture nevertheless, their originality and potency cannot be easily dismissed since he reminds us of how complex human nature is. Machiavellis ideas regarding the preservation of power may be seen at work in Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party and how they both rose into power. Hitler and the Nazi Party employed different tactics and made extensive use of propaganda to sway public opinion. In all of these, the issue that this paper focuses on is the issue of manipulation as employed by Hitler and the Nazi Party. Manipulation is common [but is not limited] in the sphere of the political. The subject of manipulation is gaining more and more attention, as it seems to play an increasing role in many areas of our life, such as advertising, religion and politics (Blass, 2005, p. 169). Blass forcefully argues that Hitler and the Nazis employed manipulation in various forms to propagate their social and political agenda, which according to her is a very deceptive system. An important factor is that manipulation of the population of Germany had been at the bottom of the success of the Nazis (Blass, 2005, p. 169). For the most part, Blass claims that Hitlers speeches and writings are two important mechanisms that play very crucial roles in the aforementioned manipulation. Galasinki (2000) provided a definition of manipulation when he wrote: Manipulation is an attempt to affect the target in such a way that his behavior/action is an instrument of attaining the goals of the manipulator, who acts without using force but in such a way that the target does not know the goal of the manipulators actions (Blass, 2005, p. 170). What Galasinki points out is that when we speak of manipulation, it is always intentional [on the part of the manipulator]. Nazi critics regard Hitler as one of historys greatest manipulators. From the very beginning, Hitlers goal was clear and he knew what was needed for that goal to be achieved; to win the support of the German people, particularly the working class. To further this point, Blass (2005) writes: This means that if Hitlers aim is to win the trust of the German people, in order to fulfill his own plans, he had to know the plans and intentions of his addressees and try to change some of their intentions which they would be willing to accept as being coherent with their own plans and higher level intentions (pp. 176-77). Several examples will suffice to point out how Hitlers speeches and writings indicate a clear manifestation of manipulation. The extermination of the Jews was a directive which was withheld from the people of Germany and so up to that extent, involves manipulative deception. This is what Smith and Peterson, Eds. (1974) calls a case of manipulation of the people by omission (p. 169). Historical accounts reveal that Himmler intentionally hid this from the German people when he convened Nazis regional leaders at Posen. Another case of manipulation tactics employed by the Nazis is familiar for most of us. This manipulation technique is commonly used in marketing specifically, advertising. This is the use of propaganda material, which through catchy words and phrases as in the form of slogans and due to its repetitive nature, eventually persuades those who listen to it. Hitler himself devised this tactic to convert more Germans to accept the new political and cultural system provided by the tenets of Nazism (p. 197). A very interesting manipulation technique employed by Hitler in his speeches is his presentation of a dilemma in which his audience is inevitably forced to decide or make a choice. The problem however, is that there really is no choice since what Hitler conveys is that what he is proposing is a matter of necessity and ridicules those who will not agree. Simple enough, if it is a matter of necessity, then it is not a matter of choice. This is what he did when he justified the expansion of the German territory to the East. Hitler (1942) wrote the following: The exterior politics of the people state has to secure the livelihood of the race which is established through the state on this planet by creating a natural relationship between the number and the growth of the population on the one hand and the size and quality of the land on the other hand (p. 728). As one may have noted, the phrase has to implies that it must be done otherwise; the livelihood of the race will not be secured. Hitler then, is not presenting truth in its entirety and is forcing a false dilemma since there are other options than what he presents. At the onset of this paper, it was stated that one must be vigilant about the source of the information he/she receives. Aside from the aforementioned manipulation tactics, Hitler and the Nazis also prevented the German people from verifying the truth. Aside from fabricating evidences and information that serve their social and political agenda, they also deliberately denied the German people of their right to know the truth, not to mention a widespread conspiracy among their ranks to exterminate those who would try to know the truth. In order to ensure the success of Nazism, its rise to power, prominence and domination, Hitler and his accomplices goal is to prevent truth verification. Hitlers leadership and actions reflect, to a certain extent, the ideas put forth by Machiavelli. It seems that Machiavelli found his prince in the person of Hitler. It is only possible to win the soul of a nation if next to the leading of the positive fight for ones own goals one destroys the opponents of these goals (Hitler, 1942, pp. 371-72). References Blass, R. (2005). Manipulations in the Speeches and Writings of Hitler and the NSDAP from a Relevance Theoretic Point of View. In L. Saussure and P. Schulz (Eds.), Manipulation and Ideologies in the Twentieth Century (pp. 169-190). John Benjamins Publishing Company. Galasinki, D. (2000). The Language of Deception: A Discourse Analytical Study. London: Sage. Hitler, A. (1942). Mein Kampf. Munich: Zentralverlag der NSDAP. Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince.

Understanding why Athenians were executed essays

Understanding why Athenians were executed essays To understand why the Athenians executed Socrates in 399, one must first take a deeper look into his life. Socrates was born in 469 in Athens, son of the sculptor Sophroniscus and the midwife Phainarete. He belonged to the small Athenian bourgeoisie. He began to work in his fathers workshop. After 421, he married Xanthippe and had three sons. Socrates lived in the period of the war of Peloponnese. He was a brave fighter at Poleidaia, Delion, and at Amphipolis in 422. He showed force, courage and generosity. Throughout his political life, Socrates did not have governmental charges and he never tried to have any. In 405-406, he was a member of the Council of the Five hundred. At the time, Athens was under a democratic government. Socrates was chosen a judge. He was the only one to side against the democratic government that wanted to make summary justice accusing the admirals collectively, like it was established on the contrary by the law. In 408 Athens was under the oligarchical government of the Thirty. Socrates was charged, with four other citizens, to arrest the democratic Lion of Salamis. He thought this was not just and refused to execute it. In Socrates philosophical activity, Cicero asserts that Socrates for the first time made the philosophy come down from the sky and transported it in the cities introducing it also in the houses and forcing it to take care of issues relating life, customs, good and evil. There was a time in Greece when the scholars enjoyed great esteem and encouraged prejudice and obsolete superstitions. These people gave themselves the noble name of Sophists, which due to their name became a repulsive name. They took care of the education of the youth, taught the sciences, arts, moral philosophy, and religion. Difficulties and obstacles stood in Socrates way as he made the great decision, to spread virtue and wisdom among his fellow men. The troubles that Soc...

An Introduction to the Globalization Debate Essay

An Introduction to the Globalization Debate - Essay Example There are four different types and levels of economic integration. One of the most popular in the post-globalization era and generally perceived of as the first step towards eventual regionalization or the formation of a regional economic bloc is free trade agreements (Held and McGrew, 2003). As Hill (2007) clarifies, within the context of free trade agreements, all types of internal barriers to trade, or the movement of goods and services between member countries, is removed. While in FTAs member country set their own trade and economic policies with non-members, policies towards members are determined by the agreement in question. As far as the impact upon business and market relations is concerned, it is important to clarify that the said level of integration has tremendous benefits for member states and businesses within as it effectively expands the market. At the same time, competition over markets is intensified and, needless to say, if the member states in question are unequa l, this can be a disadvantage. In simpler terms, within the context of NAFTA, Mexican businesses have to compete with U.S. ones over both the regional and the domestic markets without the protection they were once afforded (within the home market) by tariffs, quotas, and subsidies. Custom Unions are a second type and level of integration. Custom union agreements replicate all of the characteristics of FTA’s but take integration one step further through the adoption of common policies towards non-member states. The European Union has its genesis in this type of integration. Taking the concept of economic integration characteristic of customs unions one step further, Common Markets allow the free movement of both labor and capital across national borders. Post-1992 EU is an example of this type of economic integration. Economic Unions, as in post-2002 European Union, constitutes a deep form of economic integration and benefits for member states are quite substantial. Economic Unions possess all the features of Common Markets but are further characterized by economic policy harmonization.

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain Research Paper

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain - Research Paper Example Perhaps due to this reason, â€Å"artistry of Twain’s ‘Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’ has inspired †¦ sophisticated and impressive critical responses†¦.† (Budd and Messent, 543) In case of Mark Twain such observation is truer as in his novels we see he has included a great deal of his autobiographical elements. In this context we can cite for the observation of Shelley Fisher Fishkin, whose observation asserts that the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn includes a great deal of autobiographical elements, â€Å"A boy of Twain’s acquaintance, Benson Blankenship, †¦. (His behavior would become a model for aspects of Huck’s behavior.)† (Fishkin, 21) It is from his autobiographical references we come to know, â€Å"By the time of Twain’s youth, slavery had become institutionalized in the South†¦In southern Missouri, where Twain, and Huck, lived, slavery still existed.† (Jarnow, 21)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’ shows that the protagonist Finn undergoes several adventures and finally he develops his approach towards life out of the experiences of such adventures. Apart from Finn’s adventure to observe life from a close angle, there is another element that plays a very important role in the novel that is the protagonist’s (the novelist’s) attitude towards slavery. Constitution if the United States of America came into power since 1864 and it immediately abolished the system of slavery from America officially. The Constitution clearly declared that all men are free and they are eligible to receive equal treatment from the State, despite their differences in race, religion, ethnicity and skin color. (Wilson, 5) However, looking at the practical situation it is evident that situation of the black people or people from Afro-American ethnic background has remained unchanged even in the modern society. L ike all the other great

Differences between Human Resource Management and Personnel Management Essay

Differences between Human Resource Management and Personnel Management - Essay Example Over the years, there has been unending debates and continuous conversations between human resource authors on whether there are actual difference between HRM and personnel management. A host of these authors have argued that the most obvious change has been the â€Å"re-labeling process† (Koster, 2007.p.4). Koster argues that the relabeling would not have necessarily represented any change but was important in that it helped rid personnel management from its unlikeable welfare image. The overall effect was that it helped safeguard personnel management from marginalization. All the same, this study surmises that the development of HRM was not entirely a â€Å"re-labeling† campaign but there must have been a change of concept or approach (Koster, 2007.p.6). It is this change that defines the difference between personnel management and HRM. In this study, we trace these differences in light of various models as well as examine their application using two functional areas, recruitment and selection and training and development. Personnel Management and HRM Over the past 50 years, the term personnel management has been employed to refer to the function of management that deals with the recruitment, employment, training, redeployment, safety and departure of employees (Cole, 2004.p.4). Simply, personnel management was a function within the organization concerned with managing people, the main goal being achieving efficiency and justice for all those within an enterprise. Key in this definition were the reference to justice and efficiency, this represented a cordial approach to employee affairs within an organization. Up to the 1990s, personnel management was holistically involved in handling collective relationships with employees and their representatives and mediating individual employment relationships (Cole, 2004.p.5). In regard to stakeholder roles and relationships, the personnel manager was largely under pressure from the managing director, trad e union representatives, and line management colleagues. Around the personnel managers there would be the board of directors at the top whereas at the same level or just below them there would be: the senior line managers, junior colleagues, union representatives, statutory bodies and individuals employees. The board, and especially the managing director, would be dependent on the personnel manager to guarantee that workers relationships were both calm and predictable (Storey, 1999.p.26). Senior line managers were keen to guarantee that there would be no interruptions to their production programs. The conditions therefore in which personnel management was conducted at the time could conveniently be explained as highly synchronized, subject to considerations of relative power among the board and worker’s representatives, and rigid in regard to labor mobility (Cole, 2004.p.6). In this context, personnel managers were treated like the highly-respected company advocates charged w ith advising the senior management on how best to avoid, or curtail conflict. It is because of this In the contemporary situation, the prime role of personnel/HR practitioners is that of developing the organization’s staff resources so as to enable people to make a flexible, multi-skilled input to the general

Ecologically Compatible Land Use Planning Methods

Ecologically Compatible Land Use Planning Methods Methodology For the purpose of ecologically compatible land use planning multiple GIS functions has been carried out. The functions carried out are integration using the model builder tool in order to come to the final results. Model Builder Model builder is an application in ArcGIS which is used for creating a model for a particular function. These models can be reedited even at later stage of analysis which makes it suitable for modifications if required thus making the work faster and results more accurate. (ESRI, n.d.) To create a model a toolbox needs to be created first. After creating a toolbox in a specific folder connection a model can be created within the toolbox. A model looks like a workflow diagram through which various geo-processing tools are connected. The output of a particular function can be used as the input for the next. By using this method the multiple analysis can be one at the same time. While using GIS during some analysis the files might get heavy and display of the output might take a long time and can even result in crashing of the system. But while using model builder we have an option for displaying only the required. Model builder is generally used when we require a large number of parameter to come results or when multiple steps are required to come to a result. In real time application we use for analysis like land suitability, hydrology, etc. In addition to all these advantage it helps the user get a visual relationship between different parameters and makes it easier to explain to a third person on how the analysis is performed thus making this one the most advanced tools in the field of GIS. Locating the villages and defining the ESZ boundary Before using the model builder multiple layers need to be created and analysis need to be performed. The first task is the marking of boundary and locating the villages that comes under ESZ. In this study there are 88 villages. These location are marked by first locating the villages using the Google Earth with the latitude and longitude given by the MoEF. These are then saved as Keyhole Mark-up Language (KML). (KML) is an XML-based mark-up language designed to annotate and overlay visualizations on various two-dimensional, Web-based online maps or three-dimensional Earth browsers. (Rouse, n.d.) Since all the village kml files are different and this has to be converted to shapefile as a single one. This is done by using the Expert GPS software which converts and combines as a single shapefile. The boundary of ESZ created by using polygon feature. A new shapefile (polygon feature) is created by using ArcCatalog inside the folder connection. Type of shapefile is chosen and title is given to the shapefile. The next step includes the defining the coordinate system for the location. In case of this location the coordinated defined as Projected Coordinate System > UTM > WGS 1984 > Northern Hemisphere > WGS 1984 UTM Zone 43N. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and DEM Masking A Digital Elevation Model is the representation of continuous elevation values over a topographic surface by a regular array of z-values, referenced to a common datum. (ESRI, n.d.) Digital Elevation Model The DEM used for this study is of 90 meter resolution and is obtained from asterdem. In case of this study four DEMs were required in order to cover the complete area. Later this were combined and masked using ArcGIS masking tool with reference to the boundary created. Masking is used for extracting the required part of raster file with the reference of a feature class. Masking tool is found in the ArcToolbox under Spatial Analyst Tools > Extraction > Extract by Mask. Once this process is done the output is DEM after Masking This masked DEM is going to be used multiple analysis like slope, elevation, TIN model, flow accumulation, hillshade, etc. Slope Analysis The slope or gradient of a line is a number that describes both the direction and the steepness of the line. The Slope tool calculates the maximum change in value from that cell to its neighbours. Basically, the maximum change in elevation by the distance between the cell and its eight neighbours finds the steepest downhill descent from the cell. The tool fits a plane to the z-values of a 3 x 3 cell neighbourhood around the processing or center cell. The direction the plane faces is the aspect for the processing cell. The lower the slope value means flatter terrain and vice versa. The cell location with a NoData z-value, the z-value of the center cell will be assigned to the location. (ESRI, n.d.) Aspect Map Aspect map shows the direction and steepness of slope for a terrain. Aspect tool is under spatial analyst and is created using DEM. The areas that have steeper slopes are shown brighter. The aspect map is classified on the basis of direction of slope in degrees (0-360Â °). 0-22.5: North 22.5-67.5: North-east 67.5-112.5: East 112.5-157.5: South-east 157.5-202.5: South 202.5-247.5: South-west 247.5-292.5: West 292.5-337.5: North-west 337.5-359.5: North Whichever locations are flat is assigned (-1). Hillshade Hillshade is a 3D grayscale model of a surface by taking sun’s relative position to account. It shows the areas that receives sun light and that comes under the shade at a particular time. For this function the azimuth and altitude of location is required. The inputs for this function are the following: Input DEM Azimuth Altitude Scaling Z Factor Pixel Size Power Pixel Size Factor Altitude is the angle of elevation of sun (0-90Â °) and azimuth is the relation position of sun along the horizon (0-360Â °). Z-factor is the elevation of the location. The Hillshade tool comes under spatial analyst toolbox in ArcGIS. TIN Model Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) model is a digital data structure used in GIS for representation of a surface. TIN model is generated using DEM. Advantage of TIN over DEM is that points of TIN are distribute variably by using an algorithm that decides which points are more accurate for terrain representation. TIN (Scientific Software Group, n.d.) Contour Map Contours are lines that connects the points of same values. The contour model is used for study of elevation, temperature, precipitation, pollution, etc. In this study contour map is used for the analysing the elevation details. This helps in finding the areas that have less steep slopes and can be developed. Contour Map (OpenGeo Suite, n.d.) Contour map over the TIN elevation model will help is visualizing the terrains in a better manner. Flow Accumulation Flow accumulation map shows the areas that will accumulate water. In ArcGIS a raster file is created of accumulated flow into each cell. Flow direction is used as the input for flow accumulation raster. Flow accumulation comes under hydrology tool which is under spatial analyst toolbox. Usage: Cell with high flow accumulation can be used to identify stream channel. Cell with flow accumulation of zero can be used to identify ridges. Flow Accumulation Map (Stack Exchange, 2012) Basins This tool creates a raster that delineates all the drainage basins. The drainage basins are delineating ridge lines between basins. For creating the basins, the flow direction is used as the input. Even if the basin is in one cell, all the cells in a raster will belong to a basin. Basin Map (National Water Program, 2013) Road Network Road network are created using polyline feature. For this study since the area being large only the major road are mapped. Further buffers will be created in order to do the proximity analysis to find the locations that are suitable for development. Road Network Map (Anantapuramu District, n.d.) Landuse Map Landuse map is required to understand for what purpose different areas put into use. Land use map is a polygon feature. It is created using the cut polygon tool in ArcGIS. Since the area being large, in this study landuse map is prepared at a macro level. Landuse Map Delhi, 2004 (Netzband Atiqur, 2007)

Sigmund Freud and Everyday Use :: Everyday Use essays

Sigmund Freud and Everyday Use Sigmund Freud is best known for his development and use of psychoanalysis. The theory of psychoanalysis focuses on the concept of how our unconscious thoughts, feelings, and emotions play an active role in our daily lives. The id, ego, and superego are the three mental zones that encompass our psyche. Each zone has a specific function: The id functions on the pleasure principle; the ego on the protection of the individual; and the superego on protection of society. The degree of which each zone has been developed can be broken down and then analyzed. These three zones can be visualized by imagining a pie cut into three slices. Every individual is composed of different amounts of each mental zone. The ultimate goal is to achieve the perfect balance of the three areas by understanding how each area works alone and contributes to make the whole. In the short story "Everyday Use" by Alice Walker, Dee's actions are clearly attributed to her over and under development in specific mental zones. Dee, rather Wangero as she prefers being called, suffers from an overdeveloped id, a distorted sense of ego, and an underdeveloped superego. With this degree of pull and tug, misunderstandings are a common experience between Dee (Wangero) and her peers. The id is the main energy source for the psyche. The id " '...knows no values, no good and evil, no morality' " (HCAL 130); it functions on instinctual motives. Dee (Wangero) possesses a straightforward, rather blunt, disposition about life. Life is hers for the taking and she dares anything to stand in her way. She takes on the attitude that the world was created to satisfy her. Since the world gave her books to read, she expected the world to listen to her read; because the world giving her clothing options to choose from, she expected the world to respect her choices; in changing her name, she expected the world to honor this change. Her id was overdeveloped because she acted on instinctual sources rather than moral for her decisions. The overdeveloped id frequently appears when the self-centered, self-serving side of her become more prominent than her outward orientated, selfless side.

COM/537 Final Examination Study Guide Essay

This study guide will prepare you for the Final Examination you will complete in Week Six. It contains practice questions, which are related to each week’s objectives. In addition, refer to each week’s readings and your student guide as study references for the Final Examination. Week One: Communication Styles Objective: Differentiate between styles of communication. 1.Communicating in a direct but detailed style and politely speaking up if you feel demands are unreasonable is a good approach when dealing with what communication style? a.0 Sympathetics b.0 Argumentatives c.0 Directs d.0 Systematics 2.What is an effective form of communication process using everyone in the organization as sources and channels for delivering messages? a.0 Official messages b.0 Gossip c.0 Newsletter d.0 Press release Objective: Explain the business communication process. 3.The sending of a message from a source to a receiver is a.0 transmission b.0 modeling c.0 role-playing d.0 communication 4.You want to ask your father to borrow his automobile. You begin the conversation by telling him that you made an A on the test in economics today. This is an example of a.0 intrapersonal communication b.0 contextualizing c.0 narrowcasting d.0 framing Week Two: Audience Analysis Objective: Identify internal and external stakeholders for persuasive communications. 5.Which statement is inaccurate about Thomas Friedman’s â€Å"the world is flat† concept? a.0 Globalization has leveled the playing field for emerging markets. b.0 Small companies and entrepreneurs have new business opportunities. c.0 Global needs take precedence over local needs. d.0 Technology is a key factor in globalization. 6.The leadership communication style that combines the positive characteristics of multiple approaches that may change depending on the situation to build effective relationship is called what? a.0 Dance approach b.0 Somersault approach c.0 Arrow approach d.0 Circuit approach Objective: Differentiate between types of audiences. 7.Which of the following is an example of â€Å"thinking globally but acting locally†? a.0 An organization sends employees from the home country to work in an international division to better understand the needs of that location. b.0 An international company trains local individuals to manage one of its overseas divisions. c.0 An organization sends its employers to language training classes. d.0 An organization creates a special team to manage differences between divisions. 8.Ethical approaches to leadership styles of communication include the teleological approach, which states that a.0 actions need to be measured first on short-term effects and then on the long-term outcomes b.0 actions should be judged by whether they are morally right or wrong c.0 actions should be evaluated by their long-term consequences d.0 local values should determine corporate action Objective: Analyze audience perceptions and needs. 9.On the back of the Bravo laundry detergent package, the manufacturer has published a list of cancer warning signs. Which level of persuasion does this message illustrate? a.0 raising awareness b.0 increasing knowledge c.0 ensuring acceptance d.0 changing attitude 10. On your call-back interview, you ask to see the area where you will be working if you are asked to join the company. This is an example of a.0 determining the corporate power structure b.0 making initial contact with your colleagues c.0 assessing the company’s commitment to its vision statement d.0 reading institutional culture Week Three: Developing the Communication Strategy Objective: Determine communication strategy based on corporate culture, values, and ethics of organizations. 11.Your boss always seems to make the right decisions in tough situations. When a major crisis occurs, you know he or she will guide the company in the right direction. This is called a.0 obtuse trust b.0 ethical trust c.0 motivated trust d.0 practical trust 12.Customer relationship management uses information and feedback to a.0 achieve customer satisfaction and loyalty b.0 enhance promotional programs c.0 build word-of-mouth networks d.0 facilitate mass customization Objective: Select appropriate communication channels. 13.A new organic food store has decided to add another brand of apples to its existing inventory. Three major contenders are under consideration. The store decides to hold a food-tasting event for its customers to sample the various brands and to provide feedback on which apples they like best and why. This is an example of a.0 quantitative research b.0 determination research c.0 soft measurement research d.0 hard measurement research 14.The language that put ideas and materials in the hands of the masses was a.0 printed b.0 electronic c.0 spoken d.0 mediated Week Four: Internal and External Persuasive Communications Objective: Create internal and external persuasive communications. 15.Rate of speaking, silence and pausing, and volume and pitch are all elements of a.0 paralanguage b.0 vocalization c.0 accent d.0 semantics 16.Which is a suggestion for effective strategic planning? a.0 Small companies should conserve resources and concentrate on achieving short-term goals. b.0 Engaging a staff employee in the strategic planning process can help facilitate workers to buy in to the plan. c.0 Strategic planning should be a top–down process. d.0 Nonprofits should not rely on outside consultants in the strategic planning process because these types of consultants seldom know enough about the agency’s specific business or audience. Objective: Use research to support persuasive business communications. 17.According to Gallo (2009), what is the best way to gain instant credibility? a.0 Use jargon and buzzwords. b.0 Be transparent and humble. c.0 Make lofty promises. d.0 Exceed designated presentation time. 18.What tool can researchers use to identify contact relationships between users? a.0 Flowchart b.0 Physical symbol systems c.0 Transactional communications model d.0 Sociogram 19.What specifically spell(s) out how the organization will achieve goals through the use of specific tactics? a.0 Mission statements b.0 Qualitative tools c.0 Quantitative tools d.0 Objectives Objective: Evaluate messages for noise. 20.Any physical, semantic, or contextual action that detracts from or distorts the receipt of a message is called a.0 issues b.0 noise c.0 the environment d.0 cognitive dissonance 21.Which of the following statements is true? a.0 Semantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and texts. b.0 Semantics is the study of dictionary definitions. c.0 Semantics is the study of effect of the arrangement of words in a sentence. d.0 Semantics is the study of how words affect decision-making processes. 22.Pausing in the process of communicating a message a.0 should be avoided because it makes the receiver question the sender’s motives b.0 should be used by the sender as a means of emphasizing the importance of one’s message c.0 should be avoided because it often acts as a form of noise and thus impedes the receiver from understanding the context of the message d.0 should be used because it allows the listener time to internalize the message and make it his or her own Week Five: Evaluating Consultant Communications Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of consultant communications. 23.According to Smith (2010), what prevents more employers from using social media? a.0 Technology issues b.0 Lack of understanding c.0 Negative comments by employees d.0 Legal concerns 24.Sarbanes-Oxley holds whom responsible for effective and efficient financial communication? a.0 Managers b.0 Accountants c.0 Consultants d.0 Customers Week Six: The Persuasive Communication Plan Objective: Design persuasive communications. 25.What theory focuses on the contexts that promote or hinder the internalization of motivation and the integration of behavior? a.0 Pseudo listener b.0 Selective perception c.0 Cognitive dissonance d.0 Self-determination 26.Before they act, people are more sensitive to messages that will help them gather and interpret information and determine whether there is a problem during what phase? a.0 Selective perception b.0 Vocalization c.0 Diversification d.0 Detection 27.What is the final stage of the process of behavior change? a.0 Implementation b.0 Decision c.0 Detection d.0 Framing Objective: Present data to various stakeholders using appropriate channels. 28.What are three components of persuasive messages that should be considered when presenting data? a.0 Message, channel, and the context b.0 Sender, receiver, and feedback c.0 Need, cost, and outcomes d.0 Benefits, appeals, and details 29.You are attending a conference where a consultant talks about the problems in IT call centers. As you listen to his problem-solution report and research data, you begin to understand why calls to your customer complaint center are not being processed in a timely manner. You are engaging in: a.0 precision listening b.0 selective perception c.0 cognitive dissonance d.0 extemporaneous thinking 30.Following the presentation of data, the decision maker goes through the information processing states, such as com/537 Final Examination Study Guide This study guide will prepare you for the Final Examination you will complete in Week Six. It contains practice questions, which are related to each week’s objectives. In addition, refer to each week’s readings and your student guide as study references for the Final Examination. Week One: Communication Styles Objective: Differentiate between styles of communication. 1.Communicating in a direct but detailed style and politely speaking up if you feel demands are unreasonable is a good approach when dealing with what communication style? a.0 Sympathetics b.0 Argumentatives c.0 Directs d.0 Systematics 2.What is an effective form of communication process using everyone in the organization as sources and channels for delivering messages? a.0 Official messages b.0 Gossip c.0 Newsletter d.0 Press release Objective: Explain the business communication process. 3.The sending of a message from a source to a receiver is a.0 transmission b.0 modeling c.0 role-playing d.0 communication 4.You want to ask your father to borrow his automobile. You begin the conversation by telling him that you made an A on the test in economics today. This is an example of a.0 intrapersonal communication b.0 contextualizing c.0 narrowcasting d.0 framing Week Two: Audience Analysis Objective: Identify internal and external stakeholders for persuasive communications. 5.Which statement is inaccurate about Thomas Friedman’s â€Å"the world is flat† concept? a.0 Globalization has leveled the playing field for emerging markets. b.0 Small companies and entrepreneurs have new business opportunities. c.0 Global needs take precedence over local needs. d.0 Technology is a key factor in globalization. 6.The leadership communication style that combines the positive characteristics of multiple approaches that may change depending on the situation to build effective relationship is called what? a.0 Dance approach b.0 Somersault approach c.0 Arrow approach d.0 Circuit approach Objective: Differentiate between types of audiences. 7.Which of the following is an example of â€Å"thinking globally but acting locally†? a.0 An organization sends employees from the home country to work in an international division to better understand the needs of that location. b.0 An international company trains local individuals to manage one of its overseas divisions. c.0 An organization sends its employers to language training classes. d.0 An organization creates a special team to manage differences between divisions. 8.Ethical approaches to leadership styles of communication include the teleological approach, which states that a.0 actions need to be measured first on short-term effects and then on the long-term outcomes b.0 actions should be judged by whether they are morally right or wrong c.0 actions should be evaluated by their long-term consequences d.0 local values should determine corporate action Objective: Analyze audience perceptions and needs. 9.On the back of the Bravo laundry detergent package, the manufacturer has published a list of cancer warning signs. Which level of persuasion does this message illustrate? a.0 raising awareness b.0 increasing knowledge c.0 ensuring acceptance d.0 changing attitude 10. On your call-back interview, you ask to see the area where you will be working if you are asked to join the company. This is an example of a.0 determining the corporate power structure b.0 making initial contact with your colleagues c.0 assessing the company’s commitment to its vision statement d.0 reading institutional culture Week Three: Developing the Communication Strategy Objective: Determine communication strategy based on corporate culture, values, and ethics of organizations. 11.Your boss always seems to make the right decisions in tough situations. When a major crisis occurs, you know he or she will guide the company in the right direction. This is called a.0 obtuse trust b.0 ethical trust c.0 motivated trust d.0 practical trust 12.Customer relationship management uses information and feedback to a.0 achieve customer satisfaction and loyalty b.0 enhance promotional programs c.0 build word-of-mouth networks d.0 facilitate mass customization Objective: Select appropriate communication channels. 13.A new organic food store has decided to add another brand of apples to its existing inventory. Three major contenders are under consideration. The store decides to hold a food-tasting event for its customers to sample the various brands and to provide feedback on which apples they like best and why. This is an example of a.0 quantitative research b.0 determination research c.0 soft measurement research d.0 hard measurement research 14.The language that put ideas and materials in the hands of the masses was a.0 printed b.0 electronic c.0 spoken d.0 mediated Week Four: Internal and External Persuasive Communications Objective: Create internal and external persuasive communications. 15.Rate of speaking, silence and pausing, and volume and pitch are all elements of a.0 paralanguage b.0 vocalization c.0 accent d.0 semantics 16.Which is a suggestion for effective strategic planning? a.0 Small companies should conserve resources and concentrate on achieving short-term goals. b.0 Engaging a staff employee in the strategic planning process can help facilitate workers to buy in to the plan. c.0 Strategic planning should be a top–down process. d.0 Nonprofits should not rely on outside consultants in the strategic planning process because these types of consultants seldom know enough about the agency’s specific business or audience. Objective: Use research to support persuasive business communications. 17.According to Gallo (2009), what is the best way to gain instant credibility? a.0 Use jargon and buzzwords. b.0 Be transparent and humble. c.0 Make lofty promises. d.0 Exceed designated presentation time. 18.What tool can researchers use to identify contact relationships between users? a.0 Flowchart b.0 Physical symbol systems c.0 Transactional communications model d.0 Sociogram 19.What specifically spell(s) out how the organization will achieve goals through the use of specific tactics? a.0 Mission statements b.0 Qualitative tools c.0 Quantitative tools d.0 Objectives Objective: Evaluate messages for noise. 20.Any physical, semantic, or contextual action that detracts from or distorts the receipt of a message is called a.0 issues b.0 noise c.0 the environment d.0 cognitive dissonance 21.Which of the following statements is true? a.0 Semantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and texts. b.0 Semantics is the study of dictionary definitions. c.0 Semantics is the study of effect of the arrangement of words in a sentence. d.0 Semantics is the study of how words affect decision-making processes. 22.Pausing in the process of communicating a message a.0 should be avoided because it makes the receiver question the sender’s motives b.0 should be used by the sender as a means of emphasizing the importance of one’s message c.0 should be avoided because it often acts as a form of noise and thus impedes the receiver from understanding the context of the message d.0 should be used because it allows the listener time to internalize the message and make it his or her own Week Five: Evaluating Consultant Communications Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of consultant communications. 23.According to Smith (2010), what prevents more employers from using social media? a.0 Technology issues b.0 Lack of understanding c.0 Negative comments by employees d.0 Legal concerns 24.Sarbanes-Oxley holds whom responsible for effective and efficient financial communication? a.0 Managers b.0 Accountants c.0 Consultants d.0 Customers Week Six: The Persuasive Communication Plan Objective: Design persuasive communications. 25.What theory focuses on the contexts that promote or hinder the internalization of motivation and the integration of behavior? a.0 Pseudo listener b.0 Selective perception c.0 Cognitive dissonance d.0 Self-determination 26.Before they act, people are more sensitive to messages that will help them gather and interpret information and determine whether there is a problem during what phase? a.0 Selective perception b.0 Vocalization c.0 Diversification d.0 Detection 27.What is the final stage of the process of behavior change? a.0 Implementation b.0 Decision c.0 Detection d.0 Framing Objective: Present data to various stakeholders using appropriate channels. 28.What are three components of persuasive messages that should be considered when presenting data? a.0 Message, channel, and the context b.0 Sender, receiver, and feedback c.0 Need, cost, and outcomes d.0 Benefits, appeals, and details 29.You are attending a conference where a consultant talks about the problems in IT call centers. As you listen to his problem-solution report and research data, you begin to understand why calls to your customer complaint center are not being processed in a timely manner. You are engaging in: a.0 precision listening b.0 selective perception c.0 cognitive dissonance d.0 extemporaneous thinking 30.Following the presentation of data, the decision maker goes through the information processing states, such as comprehension and acceptance of the message, leading to what? a.0 Feedback b.0 Suggested revisions c.0 Terminal action d.0 Vocalization prehension and acceptance of the message, leading to what? a.0 Feedback b.0 Suggested revisions c.0 Terminal action d.0 Vocalization

laser essays

laser essays Before we can learn about the laser we need to know a little bit about light (since that is what a laser is made of). Light from our sun, or from an electric bulb, is called white light. It is really a mixture of all the different colours of light. The colours range from violet, indigo, and blue, to green, yellow, orange, and red. These make up the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Light is made up of particles, called PHOTONS, which travel in waves. The difference in the colour depends on the wavelength of the light. Violet light has the shortest wavelength while red has the longest. There are other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum which includes infra-red, radar, television radio and micro- waves (past red on the spectrum), and on the other end of the spectrum are the other invisible radiations, ultra- violet, X rays, micro waves and gamma rays. The wavelength of the light is important to the subject of the laser. A laser is made up of COHERENT light, a special kind of light in which the wavelengths of the light are all the same length, and the crests of these waves are all lined up, or in PHASE. The word Laser is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. What does that mean? Basically a laser is a device which produces and then amplifies light waves and concentrates them The principles of the laser (and it's cousin the maser) were established long before these devices were successfully developed. In 1916 Albert Einstein proposed stimulated emission, and other fundamental ideas were discussed by V.A. Fabrikant in 1940. These ideas, followed by decades of intensive development of microwave technology set the stage for the first maser (a laser made up of micro-waves), and this in turn helped to produce more advances in this area of science. These efforts cumulated in July 1960 ...

Health, Social and Cultural Inequalities essays

Health, Social and Cultural Inequalities essays Capitalism in the global south is not only an inconvenience on traditional life; it is a deadly creation that leaves the wealth in the hands of very few elite corporations. It not only affects the fabric of typical life familiar to the people living within the global south, it also affects the health of many peasants, indigenous people, small farmers, and whole communities due to the types of chemicals, pesticides, and stressful work that capitalism from industrial agriculture imposes on them. It also exacerbates the inequalities prevalent within the social hierarchies of the global south. Many cultural norms and traditions are sacrificed for the sake of efficient methods of performing work to create the high yields desired by corporate elites. This lifestyle is unsuitable to the native individuals who are forced to change their way of life to make a living for themselves as required by the corporations that have placed them in this vulnerable situation. Large corporations like Monsanto, Syngenta and Cargill monopolize the agriculture business in the global south. Certain countries such as India, which has less political power, gets taken advantage of in this hegemonic business and the farmers are burdened with the task of utilizing a large supply of pesticides that they were forced to buy in order to maintain the upkeep and proliferation of their farms. The pesticide business is so lucrative that a typical meal in India will contain 40 times more pesticides than the typical North American meal. Since pesticides are designed to kill life, namely the insects that feed on pesticide laden foods, the pesticides also pose harm to humans who work very closely with them. In fact, in a study conducted on over 2000 couples in India of similar socio-economic statuses, who had husbands that were dispersing pesticides on their farms, tested as having lower reproductive potential. Additionally, the chemicals in the pesticides wreaked so m...

Cross Cultural Trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cross Cultural Trends - Essay Example Artists from the United States who studied and stayed in France such as Mary Cassatt brought the Impressionist art in the United States in the 1860s where it was readily accepted (Arthistory, nd) Harlem Renaissance on the other hand is an art movement led by Langston Hughes in the United States during the civil rights movement that aimed to promote Afro American art and literature. It included paintings, drawings, music poem that included the works of Langston Hughes (Hughes, nd) which is now integrated in the American culture particularly among the Afro-American population. NeoClassical art also known as the academic approach in painting originating in Greece and Rome where the strict rules of order and reason in rendering the art is followed (www.visual-arts-cork.com, nd). This approach originated in Europe but was later adopted not only in the United States but elsewhere in the world due to its methodological approach and beauty in rendering art. One of the trends/art forms that has directly affected me is Dadaism. Dadaism has affected me because it widened my perspective in art. Through Dadaism, I realized that everything around us can become objects of art if we are creative enough to transform

The British and Global Economy. Industrial revolution in Britain Essay

The British and Global Economy. Industrial revolution in Britain - Essay Example This means that the industrial revolution developed after a long process of technological innovation and interaction across the land mass (Allen, 2011: 366). However, many experts argue that neither Britain nor Europe had economic advantages more that the Indian regions until the occurrence of the industrial revolution. These countries were commercialized and productive since they benefited from advanced technologies. One of the vital aspects that encouraged industrial revolution was the environmental availability of cheap and available coal in Britain. Coal was employed to produce fuel in heat industries, for example, furnaces. Eventually, it was used to produce steam power for the developing factories (Hobsbawm, 1968: 31). Britain was distinct since it had easy access to large reserves of coal, since it was an efficient source of power than wood and charcoal. The use of coal in the production of iron was efficient in the revolution means. The coalmines from early 17 the centuries were very significant, the Black Country developed in England, and it transformed the textiles centers of the world. The factories and industrial towns also developed with canals and roads (Crafts, 1987: 2). The development of railroad and steam ships widened the market of manufactured goods. Industrial revolution changed the way things were made as new machines that were invented during the 17th and 18th century. This meant that it was possible to mass production of goods in the factories. It developed from Britain and it spread through North America and Europe, resulting to an improvement on social and economic conditions. The geographical position of Britain geopolitical position, since it was an island situated off the coast of the European continent. This favored the development of British naval power and protection from the continental warfare. Naval power was necessary since it allowed Britain to conquer the trade routes and colonies that improved industrial revolution and it provides raw materials (Allen, 2011: 374). Britain was able to extract diverse amounts of wealth from the New World through the slave trade and plantations. Capitalist merchants controlled Britain and this made it efficient for it to extract wealth. It also indicated that wealth could be used to fund the development of industrial capitalism. During the 18th century, the British ships transported more than a million Afr ican slaves to the British Caribbean to offer labor. Britain built extensive utility of mercantilist trade strategies that protected the developing industries against imports that had high tariffs imposed on them (Hobsbawm, 1968: 29). According to Marxists, several factors contributed to the industrial revolution in Britain. The development of capitalism could not be defined as the primary reason of entrepreneurial spirit of the British. The British revolution was a long period of economic and political changes marked by violent upheavals such as English Revolution during the 17th century. However, during the beginning of the 18th century, Britain was identified as the European country where the social relationships were embedded firmly. There were two significant features of capitalism that are important in the industrial revolution in Britain, the first was the prior capitalist class that developed over the previous centuries asserting its dominance in the British society (Crafts, 1987: 4). The

Building an Access Control System Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Building an Access Control System - Case Study Example Card readers will be utilized in decoding personal information and data when using the system.   The use of smart cards will be implemented in this case scenario. Card readers will be utilized in decoding personal information and data when using the system. The microelectronic access control system allows access based on the permit presented on the cards. When access is allowed, the door is unlocked for a programmed time frame and the operation is recorded on a database located in another location on a computer. When access is not granted, then the door remains locked and the attempted entrance is recorded onto the system to assist in future auditing. The system is also expected to monitor the door and provides an alarm sound notification in case the door remains open for long after being unlocked or in the event the door is forcefully opened. The term access control denotes the exercise of limiting access to a building, a property, or a room to accredited persons. Thus, for an access control system, there are a set of policies that are mandatory for configuration onto the system with an expertise and high level trusted the programmer to administrate the system. This event is expected to involve a read operation on the smart card to acquire entity information. A write operation can be involved after authentication of the read operation on the card to verify the credentials of a given user who wants to access the system at a given time. This process entails the authentication of cards information and its linkage to a particular user registered on the system. Credentials are essential to be able to trace back transaction and document them on the data storage units allied to the system databases. The identification process is aimed at verifying that the entities involved with the system are allowed and their identities are bound to them. This can be a PIN number or serial number assigned to them by a system administrator. In this case scenario, the use of smart cards will have barcodes or magnetic codes which aid in information storage about a single user.

Sociology comparing material to book Essay Example for Free

Sociology comparing material to book Essay The Youth, the combustible younger generation as we call it, is the backbone of any society or country. Dynamic and motivated youth is the asset of the country. Dejected and frustrated youth is the liability. This section of the society if remains dissatisfied, leads to several social evils and problems. In this book, Jay MacLeod provides details about the Clarendon Heights, a low-income American Housing Project. But the problems are not exclusive of the Clarendon Heights. What is mentioned in the project is the mirror of the prevailing state of affairs and shows how the youth struggle against poverty, issues related to defeatism and racial discrimination. MacLeod’s elucidation of the problem is open and straight. He explains how the same old discrimination between the whites and the blacks attains new dimensions in the present era. In his writing, he highlights about two study groups. One is the black minority group called The Brothers and the second group is of white youths called the Hallway Hangers. MacLeod’s question is, and it is the question of all the right-thinking g people, as to why the group of the blacks is discriminated against on all counts. The notions of equality etc. repeated from several platforms are hypocritical in nature. They are far away from truth and the ground realities, according to Macleod. Perceptible discrimination exists between the two groups. MacLeod’s question is, having been bestowed with the same educational and living conditions, why the aspirations of then two groups are different. The American system and law doesn’t discriminate against any citizen black or white. Where lays the difficulty then to achieve the identical goals for the two groups! He identifies the nature of social structure that causes the problem. MacLeod next examines whether inequality can be remedied by education. Education does some damage control exercise but it too cannot provide the final solution. The problems engulf more than one area social, economic, cultural, race etc. The prevailing conditions amongst the youth relate to the admixture of all these aspects. MacLeod is the research scholar and therefore his approach is methodical and well-studied. He has interviewed many youth and youth groups of both the races and the discussions involve many problematic subjects of the materialistic civilization, like sex, drugs, parents, poverty, parents, crime etc. The perseverance of the author is noticeable as he revisits the same youths, putting them questions as for their aspirations, attainments within this period and the experiences. The book, therefore, is a story related to reality. The continuing conflicts between the cultures and sub-cultures, their impact on social disposition of various sections have been explained thoroughly in the book. Adolescent struggles are no ordinary struggles. They build or break the personality and life of an individual. Macleod has tried to give an honest analysis of all these interesting trends taking shape in the America mainly in the youth section and the society as a whole consequently. They say, â€Å"It is better to deserve without receiving, than to receive without deserving†, but the modern youth is not always ready to digest the philosophy of doing one’s duty and waiting indefinitely for the results. They compare the prospectus and progress of each other. Human tendencies like envy and heart-burning play the dominant role. The root cause of the social conflicts is the dissatisfaction in the individual minds. The suppressed thought processes give rise to violent action processes, and are an impediment to healthy progress of the society. Every class has some permanent assets and liabilities associated with its class structure. Take for example the important concepts of Bourdie’s social reproduction theory. Working class children tend to follow and end up with working class jobs. But with the changing times, and extensive career counseling available, individual choices do play a predominant role. It is not surprising now to see a cab driver’s son owning a flourishing transport business, and the offspring of an unskilled mechanic turning out to be a brilliant mechanical engineer. The views on class structure of other theorists such as Emile Durkheim, Max Weber and Karl Marx, are also part of the truth, but not the absolute truth. They hold good for a particular stage of the class struggle, and once the desired stage of economic prosperity is reached, they suffer from contradictions and demand change. Coming to the linguistic approach exposed by Basil Berstein and Shirley Brice, the restricted linguistic codes used by the working class children put them in a disadvantageous position since their counterpart use specialized codes which are the ones normally used in the academic setting in the schools. The working class families possess a strong desire that their children should be better off as compared to their status. Most of them are explicitly interested in improving the lot of their children for which the first step is to provide them with proper level of education Basic conditions need to be created by the Government, for the people to become basically sound and industrious. Opportunities provided by industrial evolution, materialistic civilization and internet revolution make children of working class families turn out to brilliant scholars and establish industrial empires. What is required of the education system is, it must have the intrinsic capacity to change the thought process of an individual. Only when the thought process is changed, the action process will also change. Society changes for the better when the overall action process changes. This is what is called self-actualization with intrinsic motivation. Philosophically speaking, you are the creator of your destiny, not the victim. Even speaking scientifically, every action has the reaction and the intensity of the reaction is in proportion to the intensity of the action. Which means, the well-meaning efforts are bound to fructify and will make individual prosperity an attainable reality though one’s well-directed efforts. Which is the authentic and real American Society? Is it, as described by Jay Macleod, â€Å"Horatio Alger’s accounts of the spectacular mobility achieved by men of humble origins through their own unremitting efforts occupy a treasured place in our national folklore? The American dream is held out as a genuine prospect for anyone with the drive to achieve it. † (Macleod, 1995,p, 3) or as told to us about Freddie, â€Å"I ain’t goin’ to college. Who wants to go to college? I’d just end up getting’ a shitty job anyway. †Ã¢â‚¬â€this statement pronounced with certitude and feeling, completely contradicts our achievement ideology. †(Macleod, 1995,p, 3) These two statements provide the true picture of the American society today and the state of mind of the younger generation. When the torch is passed on from one generation to the next generation, it depends what the new generation does with what their forefathers and parents left and from where they left. In the absence of the take-off ground and facilities, they go round and round, unable to achieve any progress. MacLeod links individual lives with social theory to forge a powerful argument about how inequality is created, sustained, and accepted in the United States. The book provides the perspective of the achievement ideology and explains how it is not possible for everyone to climb the ladder of social mobility. The author is an honest critic of the prevailing conditions in the U. S. society. His discussions are engaging and you rightly guess that it is the power of the pen of the professional. Some critics say that the book is the socialist junk. What Macleod does is to point out where America’s much acclaimed capitalist model has failed or needs modifications. It is, therefore, not correct to label him as a socialist. His views about racism and socioeconomic discrimination are strong and without reservations. Given the ground realities in US, it is wise to accept his views than to offer unsubstantiated criticism. Macleod cleverly explains both the groups studied by him failed to get out of poverty due to reasons other than racial discrimination. Poor aspirations and lack of determination contributed to their stationary position in the social ladder of prosperity. He also explains how societal structures limit and restrict the actions of the individuals and curb the upward mobility. Unlike thinkers like Gramsci, MacLeod doesn’t’ believe that Communist Revolution can ever ambush America, and he thinks that the remedy of communist philosophy is worst than the capitalistic disease. Speaking about individual cases, Macleod points out that all the subjects interviewed by him, had regrets about their non-performance when they should have worked hard. Shirking responsibility and buttering people can never bring permanent success for one in life. Many had regrets that they did not work hard at schools and thus wasted their opportunities. The contents of the book provide insight in to the lives of the teenagers in U. S. , both whites and blacks. Laziness could be one of the reasons for poverty, but according to the author there are other barriers that cry a halt to the progress and make the people remain poor. Segregation may be legally dead in USA, but in reality the tremors of segregation are still felt in many walks of life of the black people. It revels at the mind-level. It is easy for the people from the Upper Class to sit on the ivory tower and dub the poor as lazy and good-for-nothing. Macleod’s sense of metaphor makes the examples provided by him appealing and they add to the strength of his arguments. References Cited: Macleod, Jay: Book: Aint no Makin It. Expanded Edition: Paperback: 336 pages Publisher: Westview Press (July 11, 1995) Language: English ISBN-10: 0813315158 ISBN-13: 978-0813315157

Symbolism and Allegory in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

Symbolism and Allegory in Hawthorne's Young Goodman Brown Symbolism, something that figuratively represents something else, is prominent in many literary works. One piece of literature that stands out as a perfect example of symbolism is Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown." This story is completely symbolic, and provides a good example of an allegory, or a story in which concrete items or characters represent abstract ideas. Hawthorne uses both objects and people as symbols to better support the allegorical tones throughout "Young Goodman Brown." Nathaniel Hawthorne uses different people as symbols throughout "Young Goodman Brown." The largest symbolic roles in the story are goodman Brown and his wife Faith. Both of the characters' names are symbolic and representative of their personalities. "'With Heaven above and Faith below, I will stand firm against the devil!' cried goodman Brown," is just one of many quotes that directly relates goodman Brown's personality with his name (189). Goodman Brown is truly a good man. Faith, goodman Brown's wife, also has a name that is indicative of her nature. The story directly supports this point in the phrase "Faith, as the wife was aptly named . . . " (184). Faith is persistent in trying to keep goodman Brown off the path of sin in the first part of the story: " . . . pr'y thee, put off your journey until sunrise, and sleep in your own bed to-night" (184). Hawthorne does an excellent job of turning the main characters into symbols that are prominent throughout the story. Nathaniel Hawthorne also uses different objects in the story as symbols. One of these is the staff of the devil : "But the only thing about him, that could be fixed upon as remarkable, was his staff, which bore the likeness of a great black snake . . ." (185). This symbol shows the reader the evil that is involved with the devil character because the serpent is an archetype of the devil, or some sort of evil, which is prominent in many different cultures. Another object Hawthorne uses as a recurring symbol is the pink ribbon. The pink ribbon symbolizes the purity and innocence involved with Faith. "And Faith . . . thrust her own pretty had into the street, letting the wind play with the pink ribbons in her cap," is a great example of how Hawthorne correlates Faith with the pink ribbons of innocence (184).

Accounting Information Systems Simulation Summary Essay

Effective information systems are essential to productive business. How a system is organized is important in determining efficiency. Managing a balance between cost and accuracy is one of the biggest problems that a company faces. There are advantages & disadvantages to having a single person performing multiple activities in a specific process. A single person working on multiple activities helps reduce errors and confusion as well as provide a better understanding of the reason for certain activities in a process. The employee will then be better able to find and correct mistakes. Unfortunately, a single person means that there is no one to check data for accuracy and integrity. Errors can occur more easily without a second look. There is also the risk of not having someone to complete an entire process if that single person is absent from work. See more: Experiment on polytropic process Essay In order to secure growth, implementing new processes to ensure accuracy is a must while balancing cost and accuracy. If the start up costs of the process are too high, and the return too low, then the venture is not the best choice. An example would be using swipe cards for tracking hours and timesheets as it provides an internal control at an amenable cost while still retaining employee trust and reducing timesheet errors and fraud. Every business wishes to increase its bottom line. This, in part, requires the protection of its assets. In order to help Ramos International minimize expected loss in the upcoming year, it is important to prioritize its assets related to the specific risks and exposure to loss for each. This helps accurately identify the necessary controls and available options to safeguard such assets. This can be managed by determining if the return from implementation of a system is worth the cost associated. The effective use of information systems is essential. The ability to balance both the cost and accuracy of implementing information systems will help to ensure a business’s success and longevity. As in all businesses, Ramos will need to find the right way to successfully  organization and delegation of tasks in their system. References Bagranoff, N.A., Simkin, M.G., & Norman, C. (2008). Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems (10th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Movers & Shakers

Movers and Shakers in Education The Common School Movement (1830 – 1865) The common school movement advocated for a greater role by the government in children’s education. To this end, Horace Mann was a staunch advocate for the common schools (Kaestle 2). Horace Mann believed that the social coexistence and political stability was dependent on achieving universal education. Consequently, he lobbied the state to embrace ‘nonsectarian’ common schools for the admittance of all children. To this effect, Mann argued that it was civic and religious duty for the government to support common schools.Moreover, Mann believed that teachers were in need of a formal education system beyond High School. Consequently, Mann was joined by other lobbyist for common schools such as Catherine Beecher. However, it is critical to mention that resistance to the common schools was evident from Roman Catholic adherents. To this effect, the opponent believed that nonsectarian common schools were against the precincts of Catholicism. However, the first common school was established in Massachusetts in 1839 following compromise and political consensus.By the latter period of the 19th century, other states adopted common schools policies that evolved to what the contemporary public schools system. John Dewey (1916) John Dewey was epitomized as a prominent American philosopher and educational revolutionary whose ideologies contributed to reform in the social and education sector. In reference to education, Dewey is best known for his philosophies in education. To this end, John Dewey theorized education as the process of developing an individual’s capacities to which the person gains control over his/her environment and consequently fulfil his/her potential (Novak).Consequently, John Dewey formulated four aims of education. Foremost, he believed that education is life whereby life itself was epitomized by education. Moreover, education is life was whereby t he learner was focused on the present scenario and not the future. Secondly, Dewey believed that education is experience. Consequently, he explained that education should be based in experience since it develops a new insight in the learner and replaces old experience. Third, Dewey believed that education was centred on the development of social efficiency.To this end, he envisaged the school as a social institution designed to replicate the realities of the outer world. Fourth, Dewey believed that theory and practice should be conjoined in education. Consequently, thoughts or words should be precincts of teaching and learning. Moreover, Dewey envisioned a method of teaching through direct experience. This was whereby teaching was based on activities in direct connection with the child’s life. Evidently, John Dewey’s theory of experiential learning and child centred social theory contributed to the development of contemporary education practices in the 21st century.Con sequently, his education philosophies marked a shift from lecture based learning processes. The Case of Brown v. Board of Education  (1954, 1955) The case involved the pertinent issue of racial segregation in public learning institutions. To this end, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and Thurgood Marshal led a judicial campaign against the racial segregation of learners at school (â€Å"History of Brown v. Board of Education. â€Å"). The Brown vs. Board of Education was a consortium of five cases involving Briggs vs. Elliot, Gebhart vs. Ethel, Brown vs.Board of Education of Topeka, Davis vs. Board of Education of Prince Edward County (VA) and Boiling vs. Sharpe(â€Å"History of Brown v. Board of Education. â€Å"). The facts underlying each case were divergent but were all connected based on the legality of government-sponsored segregation of students in public schools. Initially, the U. S District Court had favoured the school boards in its judgment. Consequently, the plaintiffs launched an appeal in the Supreme Court of U. S. Thus, in the hearing of the cases in 1952, all the five of them were collectively referred to as the Brown vs.Board of Education. While arguing against the case, the plaintiff counsel stated that segregation of black and white students fuelled inequality, and went against the ‘equal protection clause’ stipulated in the United State’s Fourteenth Amendment constitution. Moreover, the plaintiff cited Kenneth Clark’s social scientific research that discovered segregation school polices imposed an inferiority complex among black children. In the ruling presided over by Chief justice Warren in 1954, the court ruled in favour of the plaintiff.Consequently, the court concluded that the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ was unconstitutional and that segregation of students was inherently unequal. On May 31 1995, the Supreme Court ordered and expedient and speedy process of desegregation of all public schools. However, the desegregation process dragged on for over 20 years. Despite this, the Brown vs. Board of Education set the precedent for an equal and racially transformation of the American education sector. No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2002The No child left behind act was officially signed into law on 8th January 2002 (American Speech Language Hearing Association). Its fundamental precinct was based on the notion that every child can learn. Moreover, it envisioned a future whereby all children will achieve proficiency in learning. In addition, the ‘No Child Left Behind Act ‘is an elaborate blueprint for reforming schools, empowering parents and transformational change in school culture. Towards the goal of improving educational standards for all children, the act incorporates all students in public schools.To this end, it is inclusive of all children irrespective of those disabilities. Moreover, it applies to children w ith behavioural dysfunctions, immigrant children, minority kids as well as those learning English as Second Language. The law came into force following increasing growing concern about the declining standards of education. Evidently, the former President, George. W. Bush recognized that segregation in reference to the disadvantaged children in schools was prevalent as well as inadequate standards of measuring progress of students.In seeking to increase the parents’ role in the child, the Act recognized the need for holding school’s accountable in performance standards. Consequently, the act empowers parents with the right to know whether their children are making sufficient academic progress. In reference to the teacher, the Act demands for highly qualified personnel in the respective subjects. It equally calls for use of validated research driven instruction manuals. Furthermore, the acts seeks to increase accountability through formulation of Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) for states.To this end, Adequate Yearly Progress stipulates the minimum benchmark of improvement required by school districts yearly. As a result, the NCLB Act has set the precedent of improving education for children through the collaborative efforts of parents, schools districts and teachers. References American Speech Language Hearing Association ASHA. 2012. â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). Retrieved from http://www. asha. org/advocacy/federal/nclb/exec-summary. htm. Kaestle, C. F. , & Foner, E. (1983). Pillars of the republic: Common schools and American society, 1780-1860.New York: Hill and Wang. Print. Novak, George. 1960. â€Å"John Dewey’s Theories of Education. † International Socialist Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, Winter 1960. Retrieved from http://www. marxists. org/archive/novack/index. htm United States Courts. 2012. â€Å"History of Brown v. Board of Education. â€Å". Retrieved from //www. uscourts. gov/EducationalResources/ConstitutionResourc es/LegalLandmarks/HistoryOfBrownVBoardOfEducation. aspx. xtimeline. 2009. â€Å"American Education: From Revolution to the Twentieth Century. † Famento. Retrieved from www. xtimeline. com/evt/view. aspx? id=637932.